Charlemagne
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Charlemagne ( / ˈ ʃ ɑr l ɨ m eɪ n / or / ˈ ʃ ɑr l ə m eɪ n /; French pronunciation: [ʃaʁ.lə.maɲ]; c. 742 – 28 January 814), also known as Charles the Great (Latin: Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus), was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800 in Rome. His rule is also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign conquests and internal reforms, Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the European Middle Ages. He is numbered as Charles I in the regnal lists of Germany, the Holy Roman Empire, and France. The son of King Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, a Frankish queen, he succeeded his father in 768 and was initially co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. It has often been suggested that the relationship between Charlemagne and Carloman was not good, but it has also been argued that tensions were exaggerated by Carolingian chroniclers. Nevertheless further conflict was prevented by the sudden death of Carloman in 771, in unexplained circumstances. Charlemagne continued the policy of his father towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in Italy, and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain, to which he was invited by the Muslim governor of Barcelona. Charlemagne was promised several Iberian cities in return for giving military aid to the governor; however, the deal was withdrawn. Subsequently, Charlemagne's retreating army experienced its worst defeat at the hands of the Basques, at the Battle of Roncesvalles (778) (memorialised, although heavily fictionalised, in the Song of Roland). He also campaigned against the peoples to his east, especially the Saxons, and after a protracted war subjected them to his rule. By forcibly Christianizing the Saxons and banning on penalty of death their native Germanic paganism, he integrated them into his realm and thus paved the way for the later Ottonian dynasty. The French and German monarchies descending from the empire ruled by Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor cover most of Europe. In his acceptance speech of the Charlemagne Prize Pope John Paul II referred to him as the Pater Europae ("father of Europe"): his empire united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Romans, and the Carolingian renaissance encouraged the formation of a common European identity. From Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License Matching Results for Charlemagne:CharlemagneFrench Charlemagne, from Latin Carolus Magnus, literally "Charles ... [edit] Proper noun. Charlemagne. One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, the first ... forest From Middle English forest, from Old French forest, from Medieval Latin foresta ("open wood"), first used in the Capitularies of Charlemagne in ... Carolus Magnus ... Carolī Magnī); m, second declension. Charlemagne (North West European ... English: Charlemagne. French: Charlemagne. Italian: Carlo Magno, Carlomagno. Old French: Carles li magnes ... From Wiktionary under the
GNU Free Documentation License Charlemagne (January 29 745 – January 28, 814) was king of the Franks from 768, and became the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800. His conquests expanded his empire to cover much of western and central Europe, and his encouragement of learning helped to create the Carolingian Renaissance. This political figure or monarch article is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.Sourced
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