The uncanny valley is a hypothesis in the field of robotics and 3D computer animation, which holds that when human replicas look and act almost, but not perfectly, like actual human beings, it causes a response of revulsion among human observers. The "valley" in question is a dip in a proposed graph of the positivity of human reaction as a function of a robot's human likeness.

The term was coined by the robotics professor Masahiro Mori as Bukimi no Tani Genshō (不気味の谷現象) in 1970. The hypothesis has been linked to Ernst Jentsch's concept of "the uncanny" identified in a 1906 essay, "On the Psychology of the Uncanny." Jentsch's conception was elaborated by Sigmund Freud in a 1919 essay entitled "The Uncanny" ("Das Unheimliche").

Contents

• 1 Hypothesis
• 2 Hypothetical basis
• 3 Research
• 4 Design principles
• 5 Criticism
• 6 Similar effects
• 7 Film, television and literature
• 8 See also
• 9 Notes
• 10 References
• 11 External links

Noun

uncanny valley (uncountable)

1. A range of appearances, mannerisms, and/or behaviors subtly different from humanoid in an otherwise humanoid figure that may cause negative reactions, such as fear, discomfort, or revulsion.

References

• 1970: Masahiro Mori, The Uncanny Valley (Energy, 7(4), pp. 33–35)

  So in this case, the appearance is quite human like, but the familiarity is negative. This is the uncanny valley.

• 2006: Sebastiano Bagnara, Gillian Crampton Smith, Theories and Practice in Interaction Design

  However, when the robot is so similar that it may be momentarily mistaken for real, the transition has a local minimum characterized by a sudden decrease of familiarity, the "uncanny valley"—a dip of frustration due to unmet expectations.

• 2007: Jonathon Keats, Control + Alt + Delete: A Dictionary of Cyberslang

  Almost human in appearance, yet not quite, the characters in 3-D computer animations are more disturbing than overt caricatures. The realm these creatures occupy is called the uncanny valley....

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